INTERVALS BY SIZE
See also Intervals by Underlying Harmony
and Intervals From Tonic
Practice identifying scale degrees and intervals:
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All intervals in the following phrases are melodic unless marked "harm."
Names of excerpts are preceded by scale degree numbers.
UNISON
SECONDS
Minor second
End of excerpt
1 to 7 Mendelssohn: Wedding March from Midsummer Night's Dream 1 to 7 Tchaikovsky: Waltz from Sleeping Beauty 3 to 4 Beethoven: Symphony No.1, IV 3 to 4 Offenbach: Barcarolle 3 to 4 Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 2: II 4 to 3 Beethoven: Symphony No. 9, III 4 to 3 Tchaikovsky: Waltz of the Flowers from Nutcracker Suite 4 to 3 Chopin: Barcarolle 4 to 3 Handel: Adagio from Water Music 4 to 3 Vivaldi: Winter, II from The Four Seasons 7 to 1 Mozart: Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, II, excerpt 17 to 1 Tchaikovsky: Piano Concerto No.17 to 1 Handel: Hallelujah, from Messiah7 to 1 Beethoven: Symphony No. 9, III raised 1 to 2 Mozart: Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, II, excerpt 22 to 3 in min Schubert: Symphony No. 8, "Unfinished", I 3 to 2 in min Beethoven: Sonata Op. 13 "Pathetique" 3 to 2 in min Beethoven: Symphony No. 5, II 3 to 2 in min Mozart: Symphony No. 40, "G Minor": IV, excerpt 1 raised 4 to 5 Beethoven: Symphony No. 3, IV5 to 6 in min Mozart: Symphony No. 40, "G Minor": IV, excerpt 2 6 to 5 in min Mozart: Symphony No. 40, "G Minor": IV, excerpt 3 6 to 5 in min Albinoni: Adagio 6 to 5 in min Leoncavallo: Vesti la Giubba from Pagliacci Placido Domingo, Tenor7 to 1 in min Mozart: Symphony No. 40, "G Minor": III 7 to 1 in min Liszt: Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2
Throughout excerpt
Beginning of excerpt
Major second
End of excerpt
1 to 2 Chopin: Etude Op. 10, No.3; excerpt 1 1 to 2 Wagner: Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin 2 to 1 Beethoven: Symphony No. 5, II 2 to 1 Chopin: Etude Op. 10, No.3; excerpt 2 2 to 1 Mozart: Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, II, excerpt 1 2 to 1 Verdi: Grand March from Aida 2 to 3 Beethoven: Symphony No. 5, IV 2 to 3 Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 2: II 2 to 3 Handel: Allegro from Water Music 3 to 2 Tchaikovsky: Overture from Nutcracker Suite 3 to 2 Mozart: Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, II, excerpt 2 3 to 2 Debussy: Clair de Lune 4 to 5 Traditional: Oh When the Saints excerpt 15 to 4 Traditional: Oh When the Saints excerpt 25 to 4 Beethoven: Sonata Op. 2, No. 2, I5 to 4 Haydn: Symphony No.94 "Surprise", III5 to 6 Vivaldi: Winter, II from The Four Seasons 6 to 5 Chopin: Polonaise, Op. 53 6 to 5 Bach: Orchestral Suite in D: Air 6 to 7 Pachelbel: Canon 1 to 2 in min Handel: Adagio from Water Music, excerpt 1 2 to 1 in min Vivaldi: Spring, II from The Four Seasons, excerpt 1 4 to 3 in min Handel: Adagio from Water Music, excerpt 2 4 to 3 in min Bach: Fugue II in C Minor from The Well Tempered Claier 4 to 5 in min Vivaldi: Spring, II from The Four Seasons, excerpt 2
Beginning and end
Beginning of excerpt
Augmented second
Jewish excerpts from Chassidic Dances arr: Gilad, Burstyn & Shlomer, Tikva Records
End of excerpt
Beginning and end
Throughout excerpt
Beginning of excerpt
THIRDS
Diatonic thirds songs.
Minor third
End of excerpt
Beginning of excerpt
Major third
End of excerpt
1 to 3 Haydn: Symphony No. 94, "Surprise": II, excerpt 1 1 to 3 Haydn: Symphony No. 94, "Surprise": II, excerpt 2 1 to 3 Haydn: Symphony No. 96, "Miracle": I, excerpt 1 1 to 3 Haydn: Symphony No. 96, "Miracle": III 1 to 3 Mascagni: Intermezzo from Cavalleria Rusitcana 3 to 1 Haydn: Symphony No. 94, "Surprise": III 3 to 1 Beethoven: Symphony No. 6: III 3 to 1 Beethoven: Symphony No. 6: V 5 to 7 Schubert: "Unfinished" Symphony: II 6 to 4 Ravel: Bolero 7 to 5 Copland: Simple Gifts from Appalachian Spring 7 to 5 Beethoven: Sonata Op.2, No.2, I 7 to 5 Haydn: Symphony No.95, II 7 to 5 Mozart: Eine Kleine Nachtmusik: I 7 to 5 Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 2: II 1 to low 6 in min Leoncavallo: "Vesti la Giubba" from I Pagliacci Placido Domingo, tenor; 5 to 3 in min Haydn: Symphony No. 94, "Surprise": II, excerpt 3 5 to 3 in min Haydn: Symphony No. 96, "Miracle": I, excerpt 2 5 to 3 in min Beethoven: Symphony No. 5: III 2 to raised 4 Beethoven: Symphony No. 4: I
Beginning of excerpt
FOURTHS
Diminished fourth
End of excerpt
Perfect fourth
End of excerpt
1 asc. to 4 Italian Folk Song: Ai Preat 1 des. to 5 Haydn: Symphony No. 93, II 1 des. to 5 Haydn: Symphony No. 97, I 1 des. to 5 Mendelssohn: Symphony No. 4 "Italian," III 1 des. to 5 Bach: Violin Concerto No. 2, II 1 des. to 5 Beethoven: Symphony No. 7, I excerpt 1 1 des. to 5 Rachmaninoff: Rhapsody on a Theme by Paganini1 des. to 5 Mouret: Rondeau1 des. to 5 Prokofiev: Romeo and Juliet1 des. to 5 Schubert: "Unfinished" Symphony2 asc. to 5 Delibes: Flower Duet 2 asc. to 5 Beethoven: Symphony No. 4, I 2 asc. to 5 Handel: Hornpipe from Water Music3 asc. to 6 Liszt: Liebestraum No.35 asc. to 1 Mendelssohn: Symphony No. 4 "Italian," II 5 asc. to 1 Bach: Gavotte from Orchestral Suite No. 4 5 asc. to 1 Bizet: "Habanera" from Carmen 5 asc. to 1 Beethoven: Symphony No. 4, II 5 asc. to 1 Beethoven: Symphony No. 6, V; excerpt 1 5 asc. to 1 Beethoven: Symphony No. 6, V; excerpt 2 5 asc. to 1 Beethoven: Symphony No. 3, IV 5 asc. to 1 Bizet: "Toreodor" from Carmen 5 asc. to 1 Chopin: Valse Brillante 5 asc. to 1 Copland: "Simple Gifts" from Appalachian Spring 5 asc. to 1 Strauss: Blue Danube Waltz 5 asc. to 1 Verdi: "Grand March" from Aida 5 asc. to 1 Wagner "Bridal Chorus" from Lohengrin 5 des. to 2 Beethoven: Symphony No. 7, I, excerpt 2 5 des. to 2 Beethoven: Sonata Op.7,No.4, II 5 des. to 2 Beethoven: Symphony No. 6, I 6 des. to 3 Borodin: Polovetsian Dance from Prince Igor
Beginning and end
Beginning of excerpt
Augmented fourth
End of excerpt
Beginning of excerpt
TRITONE
FIFTHS
Diminished fifth
End of excerpt
Beginning of excerpt
Perfect fifth
End of excerpt
1 asc. to 5 A. Binder: Morning Service for the New Year1 asc. to 5 Beethoven: Symphony No. 5, I1 asc. to 5 Grieg: "Morning Mood" from Peer Gynt Suite1 asc. to 5 Mozart: Variations on "Ah vous dirai-je Maman" (Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star)1 asc. to 5 R. Strauss: Fanfare from Also Sprach Zarathustra1 asc. to 5 Beethoven: Symphony No. 9, IV1 asc. to 5 Haydn: Symphony No. 931 asc. to 5 Mozart: Piano Concerto No. 21: II1 asc. to 5 Vivaldi: Spring, I from The Four Seasons2 des. to 5 Bach: Violin Concerto No.2, II2 des. to 5 Beethoven: Symphony No. 2, IV2 des. to 5 Mozart: Horn Concerto No. 4 K. 495: III2 des. to 5 Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition2 des. to 5 Copland: "Simple Gifts" from Appalachian Spring2 des. to 5 Beethoven: Symphony No. 2, IV3 des. to 6 Mascagni: Cavalleria Rustica: Intermezzo5 asc. to 2 Haydn: "Surprise" Symphony, II5 asc. to 2 Handel: from Water Music5 des. to 1 Schubert: Symphony No. 8 "Unfininshed", I5 des. to 1 Beethoven: Symphony No. 9, IV, excerpt 2 in the solo tenor 5 des. to 1 Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue5 des. to 1 Beethoven: Symphony No. 6, II5 des. to 1 Beethoven: Symphony No. 4, II5 des. to 1 Beethoven: Symphony No. 4, IV5 des. to 1 Berlioz: Symphonie Fantastique, IV5 des. to 1 Copland: Fanfare for the Common Man5 des. to 1 Elgar: March No.1 from Pomp and Circumstance5 des. to 1 Mascagni: Cavalleria Rusticana5 des. to 1 Rachmaninoff: Rhapsody On a Theme by Paganini
Beginning of excerpt
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SIXTHS
Minor sixth
End of excerpt
Beginning of excerpt
Major sixth
End of excerpt
Beginning of excerpt
SEVENTHS
Diminished seventh
End of excerpt
Minor seventh
End of excerpt
Beginning of excerpt
Major seventh
End of excerpt
Beginning of excerpt
OCTAVE
End of excerpt
Beginning and end
Beginning of excerpt
SERIES OF INTERVALS
All intervals ascending unless marked "desc"
- R. Strauss: Fanfare to Also Sprach Zarathustra
P5th, P4th, M3rd, desc m2nd;
P5th, P4th, m3rd (or Aug2nd), m2nd
- Chopin: Grande Valse Brillante Geza Anda, piano
First two notes of the motive: M3rd, P4th, P5th
First and last notes of the motive: P5th, M6th, m7th, then P8ve
- Mozart, Piano Concerto No. 21, K. 467
In the violins: m2nd, P4th, P4th, d4th, P4th, P4th
- Copland: Fanfare for the Common Man
Intervals between phrases not shown:
P4th, P5th;
P5th, desc M2nd;
Desc M3rd, Desc P4th, desc P4th;
Three root position major triads;
desc M6th, desc P5th.
- Debussy: Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faune
Three 2-note phrases at end of excerpt:
1. desc M3rd (desc m6th between),
2. m3rd (M2nd between),
3. desc m3rd.
- Mendelssohn: Italian Symphony
Perfect 4th; desc. Major 3rd
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